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What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming?

Name the main message brokers and their differences.

import aiohttp import asyncio async def fetch_all_tickets(self, ticket_ids: list, max_concurrent_requests: int =10): semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(max_concurrent_requests) async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: tasks = [self._get_ticket(ticket_id, session, semaphore) for ticket_id in ticket_ids] tickets = [] for task in tasks: ticket = await task if ticket is not None: tickets.append(ticket) return tickets

Name four principles of OOP.

What is GIL (Global Interpreter Lock)?

What is binary search?

What is a neural network from a mathematical point of view? Which branch of mathematics is fundamental for ML?

What protocols, frameworks, and libraries exist in Java for working with DBMS?

What other second solution can be proposed for comparing two Person objects?

What pattern is implemented in the chain FileInputStream → BufferedInputStream → InputStreamReader → BufferedReader?

How to write a unit test for a method that calls an external system so that no real call occurs?

public class RefEx { public static class PdfProcessor implements DocumentProcessor { } public static class DocxProcessor implements DocumentProcessor { @Override public void process(Document document) { // Specific logic for processing Word } } public static class XmlProcessor implements DocumentProcessor { @Override public void process(Document document) { // Specific logic for processing XML } } public static class DocumentService { private final Map<DocumentType, DocumentProcessor> processors = Map.of( DocumentType.PDF, new PdfProcessor(), DocumentType.DOCX, new DocxProcessor(), DocumentType.XML, new XmlProcessor() ); public void process(Document[] documents) { for (Document doc : documents) { DocumentProcessor processor = processors.get(doc.type); if (processor == null) { break; } // General document processing logic processor.process(doc); } } } }