What is object-oriented programming?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a software development methodology based on the concept of "objects," which combine data (properties, attributes) and functions (methods, behaviors) to work with this data.

Main principles of OOP:

• Encapsulation: Combining data and methods that work with this data into a single entity - an object. Hiding the internal implementation from the outside world, access to data is through object methods.
• Inheritance: The ability to create new classes (subclasses) based on existing ones (superclasses), where subclasses inherit properties and methods from the parent and can add or modify them. It allows code reuse and building class hierarchies.
• Polymorphism: The ability to use a single interface to represent different data types or objects. It allows calling methods with the same name on different objects, with the actual action depending on the object's type.
• Abstraction: Highlighting essential characteristics of an object, ignoring non-essential details. Creating simplified models of complex systems.

Advantages of OOP:

• Increased code reusability.
• Improved readability and structure of code.
• Simplified debugging and modification.
• Easier system scalability.

Disadvantages of OOP:

• It may be more difficult to understand and design at the initial stage.
• It may lead to some overhead (additional overhead costs).