What are mutable and immutable data types in Python and give examples?

In Python, data types are divided into mutable and immutable.

Mutable data types can be changed after creation. When an object of a mutable type is modified, the object itself remains the same, but its contents change.

Immutable data types cannot be changed after creation. Any operation that appears to modify an immutable object actually creates a new object.

Examples:

Type	Mutable / Immutable
int	Immutable
float	Immutable
str	Immutable
bool	Immutable
tuple	Immutable
list	Mutable
dict	Mutable
set	Mutable
frozenset	Immutable

Code examples:

• Immutable int:

  a = 5
  b = a
  print(id(a)) # Print object id
  
  a += 1
  print(id(a)) # Print id of the same object after "change" - it is different
  print(b)     # b remains the same
  

• Mutable list:

  list1 = [1, 2, 3]
  list2 = list1
  print(id(list1)) # Print list id
  
  list1.append(4)
  print(id(list1)) # Print list id after adding an element - it is the same
  print(list2)     # list2 also changed
  

The difference between them matters for variable behavior and argument passing in functions. When passing a mutable object to a function, changes inside the function will be visible outside. When passing an immutable object, changes inside the function will create a new local object.