What is the difference between dynamic and static typing?

Dynamic typing: the variable's type is determined at runtime. The same variable can hold data of different types.

Static typing: the variable's type is determined during compilation (or interpretation before execution). After declaration, the variable can only hold data of a specific type.

Main differences:

Attribute	Dynamic Typing	Static Typing
Type Definition	During runtime	During compilation/analysis
Flexibility	High, variables can change type	Low, fixed type
Error Detection	During runtime	During compilation/analysis
Performance	May be lower (due to checks during execution)	May be higher (due to compiler optimizations)
Language Examples	Python, Ruby, JavaScript	Java, C++, C#, Go

Example in Python (dynamic):

# age starts as an integer
age = 30
print(type(age))

# age now a string
age = "thirty"
print(type(age))

Example in Java (static):

// age declared as int and can only hold integers
int age = 30;
// String age = "thirty"; // Compilation error