Where can expected results for software testing be obtained?

Expected testing results can be obtained from the following sources:

• Requirements and specifications: The main source describing the functionality, performance, and limitations of the system. User stories, functional specifications, technical requirements.
• Design documentation: User interface mockups, architecture diagrams, database schemas.
• Previous versions of software: When testing updates or regression testing.
• User documentation: User manuals, operating instructions.
• Legislative and regulatory acts: For systems operating in regulated areas (e.g., financial, medical systems).
• Expert knowledge and experience: Consultations with business analysts, end users.
• Logic and common sense: To identify obvious errors and inconsistencies.
• Analysis of similar systems: Research of competitive or existing solutions.
• Results of previous tests: To confirm fixes and absence of regression.