In which layer of the OSI or TCP/IP model does the HTTP protocol operate?

The HTTP protocol operates at the application layer of the OSI and TCP/IP models. In the OSI model, this is the 7th layer — the application layer, and in the TCP/IP model — also the application layer.

HTTP is responsible for the transfer of hypertext documents and interaction between the client and server on the internet, using the TCP transport protocol (transport layer) for reliable data transfer.