What types of constructors are implemented in a class and how do they differ?

In Swift, classes typically implement the following types of initializers:

1. Default initializer — automatically created if all properties have default values and no other initializers are defined.

2. Designated initializer — the primary initializer that initializes all properties of the class. Other initializers within the class call self.init.

3. Convenience initializers — auxiliary initializers that call designated initializers. They simplify creating objects with different parameter sets.

Differences:

• Designated initializers initialize all properties and call superclass initializers.
• Convenience initializers call other initializers of the same class and cannot directly initialize properties.

Example:

class Person {
    var name: String
    var age: Int

    // Designated initializer
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }

    // Convenience initializer
    convenience init(name: String) {
        self.init(name: name, age: 0) // call designated
    }
}

Thus, constructors provide flexibility in object initialization with different parameters and ensure all properties are properly initialized.