What synchronization primitives exist in Go?

In Go, there are several fundamental synchronization primitives:

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — a mutex for mutual exclusion, blocks access to critical sections.
• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — a mutex with read/write separation, allows multiple readers simultaneously but blocks during writing.
• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — used to wait for a group of goroutines to finish.
• Cond (sync.Cond) — a condition variable for signaling and waiting for events.
• Once (sync.Once) — guarantees a function is executed only once.
• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — low-level atomic operations on variables (e.g., atomic.AddInt32).

Additionally, channels are often used in Go for synchronization and data exchange between goroutines, which is an idiomatic way of synchronization in the language.