What types of garbage collectors are available in Java?

In Java, there are several types of garbage collectors, each optimized for different scenarios and performance requirements:

1. Serial GC — a single-threaded collector suitable for small applications with limited resources.
2. Parallel GC (Throughput Collector) — a multi-threaded collector focused on maximum throughput, suitable for server applications.
3. CMS (Concurrent Mark-Sweep) — aimed at minimizing pauses, performs most work concurrently with the application.
4. G1 (Garbage First) — a modern collector that divides the heap into regions and aims to minimize pauses, well-suited for large heaps.
5. ZGC (Z Garbage Collector) — a low-latency collector that works in parallel and scales to large memory sizes.
6. Shenandoah GC — similar to ZGC, focused on minimal pauses and parallel operation.

The choice of collector depends on latency, throughput, and heap size requirements. For example, applications with critical latency should use ZGC or Shenandoah, while for maximum throughput, Parallel GC.