What system services and processes are initialized when launching an application?

When launching an Android application, several key system services and processes are initialized:

• Zygote — the main process that starts at system boot and serves as a template for creating new application processes via forking.
• System Server — the process that starts the main Android system services, such as Activity Manager, Window Manager, Package Manager, and others.
• Activity Manager Service (AMS) — responsible for managing the lifecycle of applications and components.
• Application Thread — a thread within the application process that handles UI interactions and calls from AMS.

When a specific application starts, the system forks a process from Zygote, initializes the Application, and calls lifecycle methods such as onCreate() in the Application and Activity classes.

Thus, the key services are Zygote, System Server, and Activity Manager, which ensure the launch and management of the application process.