How can access to data belonging to another application be achieved?

In Android, access to data from another application can be obtained through a Content Provider — a special component that provides an interface for data exchange between applications. The application that owns the data implements a Content Provider and defines a URI for data access.

To access data from another application, you need to:

1. Know the URI of the Content Provider of that application.
2. Use ContentResolver to perform requests (query, insert, update, delete) on this URI.

Example of querying data via ContentResolver:

Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
    Uri.parse("content://com.example.provider/data"),
    null, null, null, null);

if (cursor != null) {
    while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
        String value = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("column_name"));
        // process data
    }
    cursor.close();
}

You can also use Intent with explicit or implicit actions for interaction between applications, but for accessing data, Content Provider is the standard method.