Can you explain what side effects are in Jetpack Compose and how they are used?

In Jetpack Compose, side effects are operations that influence the external world or state outside the composable function, such as launching coroutines, updating state, or interacting with the system.

Jetpack Compose provides special APIs to manage side effects so that they execute at the appropriate times and do not cause recomposition issues.

Main types of side effects:

• LaunchedEffect — launches a coroutine on first composition or when the key changes. For example, for loading data:

LaunchedEffect(key1 = userId) {
    val data = repository.loadUser(userId)
    // update state
}

• SideEffect — performs an action after each successful composition, such as logging.

• DisposableEffect — allows executing code when creating and disposing of the effect, such as registering and unregistering listeners.

Using side effects helps separate pure declarative UI logic from operations involving external state and resources.