What are unary, binary, and ternary operators?

Unary operators work with one operand, binary with two, and ternary with three. For example:

• Unary:

  • Unary minus (-) to change the sign of a number:

    // Example of unary operator
    val x = 5
    val y = -x // y will be -5
    

  • Postfix and prefix increment (++) and decrement (--):

    // Example of unary operator
    var count = 10
    count++ // count is now 11
    ++count // count is now 12
    

  • Logical negation (!) to invert a boolean value:

    // Example of unary operator
    val isActive = true
    val isInactive = !isActive // isInactive is now false
    

• Binary:

  • Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %):

    // Example of binary operator
    val a = 10
    val b = 5
    val sum = a + b // sum will be 15
    

  • Comparison operators (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=):

    // Example of binary operator
    val p = 7
    val q = 7
    val isEqual = (p == q) // isEqual is true
    

  • Logical operators (&&, ||):

    // Example of binary operator
    val condition1 = true
    val condition2 = false
    val result = condition1 && condition2 // result is false
    

• Ternary:

  • Kotlin does not have a direct ternary operator ?: like Java. Instead, it uses if/else expressions. This is essentially equivalent to the ternary operator:

    // Example of a ternary operator equivalent in Kotlin
    val age = 20
    val status = if (age >= 18) "Adult" else "Minor"