What methods can be used to prevent or minimize issues related to multithreading?

To prevent or minimize problems related to multithreading, the following methods can be used:

• Synchronization of access to shared resources: using the synchronized keyword in Java or other locking mechanisms (Lock, ReentrantLock) to prevent simultaneous data modification.
• Using thread-safe collections: such as ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList.
• Avoiding mutable state (immutable objects): creating immutable objects that are safe for access from multiple threads.
• Using high-level abstractions: such as ExecutorService, Future, CompletableFuture for thread management.
• Minimizing the scope of synchronization: to reduce lock time and improve performance.
• Using atomic operations: classes from the java.util.concurrent.atomic package allow performing operations without locks.

Example of using synchronized in Java:

public class Counter {
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void increment() {
        count++;
    }

    public synchronized int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
}