Which components are responsible for implementing business rules within the Clean Architecture?

In Clean Architecture, business rules are implemented in the Use Cases (interactors) layer and Entities:

• Entities are business objects with rules and logic that do not depend on external layers.
• Use Cases implement specific usage scenarios, manage business logic, and coordinate the work of Entities and other components.

Thus, business rules are encapsulated in Entities and Use Cases, ensuring independence from UI, databases, and other external details.