What error handling mechanisms do you incorporate in integrations?

In integrations, it is important to consider several levels of error handling:

• Input validation — checking the correctness and completeness of data before passing it to the system.
• Protocol-level error handling — for example, checking HTTP statuses, retrying on temporary errors.
• Error logging — recording detailed information for subsequent analysis.
• Idempotency — ensuring that repeated requests do not lead to duplicate data.
• Notification mechanisms — alerting responsible parties in case of critical errors.
• Fallback and compensatory operations — rolling back or taking alternative actions if the integration fails.

Example: when integrating with an external API, you can implement retries with exponential backoff, log all errors, and upon reaching the retry limit, send a notification to Slack or email.