What is cooperative and preemptive multitasking?

Cooperative multitasking: Each process voluntarily gives control to the operating system when it considers itself ready. If one process hangs, the entire system can stop.

Preemptive multitasking: The operating system uses a scheduler to forcibly interrupt process execution and allocate CPU time among processes. A hung process does not affect the operation of others.

Comparison:

Feature	Cooperative multitasking	Preemptive multitasking
Control transfer	By the process	By the operating system
Reliability	Lower	Higher
Implementation complexity	Simpler	More complex
Example	Early versions of Windows	Modern OS (Linux, macOS, Windows)