What are the main advantages and disadvantages of monolithic applications in terms of architecture?

Advantages of monolithic applications:

• Simplicity of development and deployment: all code is in one project.
• Easier to debug and test, as all components are closely connected.
• Less overhead for communication between services.

Disadvantages:

• Scalability challenges: only the entire application can be scaled.
• Difficulties in maintenance and development as the codebase grows — changes in one place can affect the entire project.
• Team collaboration is more difficult with a large number of developers.
• Less flexibility in choosing technologies for different parts of the application.

Thus, monoliths are well-suited for small and medium projects where simplicity is important, but can become a bottleneck when scaling and developing.