What methods are used to ensure security in FastAPI?

FastAPI ensures security through several methods:

• Authentication and Authorization: Using OAuth2 with JWT tokens or basic authentication to verify users.
• Security Dependencies: FastAPI allows injecting dependencies that check access rights before executing endpoints.
• Data Validation: Thanks to Pydantic, incoming data to the API is validated, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities.
• HTTPS: It is recommended to run the application behind a proxy server supporting HTTPS to protect data during transmission.
• CORS: Configuring Cross-Origin Resource Sharing to restrict access to the API from certain domains.

Example of using OAuth2 with JWT in FastAPI:

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer

app = FastAPI()
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")

def fake_decode_token(token):
    # Logic for decoding and verifying the token should be here
    if token == "fake-super-secret-token":
        return {"sub": "user"}
    raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid token")

async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    return user

@app.get("/users/me")
async def read_users_me(current_user: dict = Depends(get_current_user)):
    return current_user