What is an empty state in design?

Empty state — is a state of the interface when there is no data to display. For example, an empty folder in email or an empty task list.

The goal of the empty state is to help the user understand that there is no data and guide them to the next action. Usually, in this state, the following are shown:

• An explanation of why nothing is displayed.
• Tips or buttons to add new data.
• Sometimes illustrations or motivational messages.

This improves the user experience by reducing confusion and encouraging interaction with the product.