How does working with databases occur in Kotlin?

In Kotlin, working with databases is most often done through specialized ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) libraries or using standard JDBC drivers.

Popular approaches:

• ORM libraries: Provide an abstraction over low-level database APIs, allowing you to work with data as Kotlin objects. They simplify writing queries, data mapping, and transaction management.
  • Exposed: Written in Kotlin, offers a DSL for building SQL queries and supports asynchronous operations.
  • SQLDelight: A framework from Square that generates type-safe Kotlin code from SQL scripts. Often used in Android development.
  • Hibernate: A popular Java ORM that can also be used in Kotlin projects.
• JDBC (Java Database Connectivity): A low-level API for interacting with databases. It requires more manual code for executing queries and mapping results but provides full control over the process.

  // Example of using JDBC
  import java.sql.DriverManager
  
  fun main() {
      val url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb"
      val user = "myuser"
      val password = "mypassword"
  
      try {
          DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password).use { conn ->
              val stmt = conn.createStatement()
              val rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM users")
  
              while (rs.next()) {
                  val id = rs.getInt("id")
                  val name = rs.getString("name")
                  println("ID: $id, Name: $name")
              }
          }
      } catch (e: Exception) {
          e.printStackTrace()
      }
  }
  

The choice of approach depends on the project needs: for complex applications with large data volumes, ORM is often preferred; for simple tasks or when maximum control is required — JDBC. Frameworks like Ktor with database support or libraries for working with NoSQL databases can also be used in specific cases.