Can non-static methods overload static methods?

No. Overloading is determined by the method signature (method name and parameter types), not by its static modifier. Static and non-static methods exist in different contexts: static methods are bound to the class, non-static methods are bound to the object. Therefore, it is impossible to have two methods with the same name and parameter types, one static and the other non-static.

The compiler will generate an error if you try to declare a static and a non-static method with the same signature in the same class.

class Example {
    public static void myMethod(int x) {
        // Static method
    }

    // Compilation error: Non-static method myMethod(int) cannot override static method from type Example
    // Or: Cannot declare both static and non-static methods with the same signature
    // public void myMethod(int x) {
    //     // Non-static method - not allowed
    // }
}