Can you list the main categories of exceptions in Java?

In Java, the main categories of exceptions are:

1. Checked Exceptions

   • Inherit from the Exception class, but not from RuntimeException.
   • Require mandatory handling (try-catch) or declaration in the method signature (throws).
   • Example: IOException, SQLException.

2. Unchecked Exceptions

   • Inherit from RuntimeException.
   • Do not require mandatory handling or declaration.
   • Usually related to programming errors, for example, NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException.

3. Errors

   • Inherit from the Error class.
   • Represent serious problems that are usually not handled by the application, for example, OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError.

Example of handling a checked exception:

try {
    FileReader file = new FileReader("file.txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}