Можете описать механизм функционирования CopyOnWriteArrayList и в чем его преимущества?

CopyOnWriteArrayList is a thread-safe implementation of the List interface in Java that uses a copy-on-write strategy. Every modification (such as adding or removing an element) creates a new copy of the internal array, while read operations occur without locks, directly from the current array.

Advantages:

• High performance during a large number of read operations and few modifications, as reading is lock-free.
• No need for synchronization during iteration, as iterators work with an immutable copy.

Disadvantages:

• High memory and time costs during frequent modifications due to copying the entire array.

Example usage:

CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
list.add("A");
list.add("B");
for (String s : list) {
    System.out.println(s);
}
// It is safe to modify the list in another thread without risking ConcurrentModificationException