In which cases is it advisable to use database sharding?

Sharding a database is advisable when:

• The volume of data becomes too large for a single server, and performance drops.
• The database load is high, and horizontal scaling is required to distribute requests.
• High availability and fault tolerance are needed by dividing data across different physical nodes.

For example, in a system with millions of users, data can be divided based on geographic location or ID ranges so that requests are processed in parallel on different shards, reducing load and speeding up response times.