What types of scope exist in Java?

In Java, the following types of scope exist:

• Class Scope: Defined within the curly braces of the class declaration. Variables declared as class members (fields) are accessible from anywhere within the class. Access modifiers (public, protected, default, private) affect the visibility of these fields outside the class.
• Method Scope: Defined within the curly braces of the method declaration. Variables declared inside a method (local variables) are only accessible within that method.
• Block Scope: Defined within any pair of curly braces (e.g., in for, while, if loops or anonymous blocks). Variables declared inside a block are only accessible within that block and its nested blocks.
• For Loop Scope: Variables declared in the initialization part of a for loop are only accessible within the for loop itself, including its body.

The principle of scope in Java is that a variable is only visible within the block where it was declared and in nested blocks, unless there is name shadowing. When shadowing occurs (e.g., a local variable with the same name as a class field), the local variable takes precedence within its block.