How is the management of competing threads or processes implemented in the program?

In Go, managing concurrent threads (goroutines) is implemented using built-in primitives:

• Goroutines — lightweight threads that are started with the go keyword.
• Channels — used for safe data exchange between goroutines and synchronization.

Example of concurrency management:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func worker(id int, jobs <-chan int, results chan<- int) {
    for j := range jobs {
        fmt.Printf("Worker %d processing job %d\n", id, j)
        time.Sleep(time.Second) // simulate work
        results <- j * 2
    }
}

func main() {
    jobs := make(chan int, 5)
    results := make(chan int, 5)

    for w := 1; w <= 3; w++ {
        go worker(w, jobs, results)
    }

    for j := 1; j <= 5; j++ {
        jobs <- j
    }
    close(jobs)

    for a := 1; a <= 5; a++ {
        fmt.Println("Result:", <-results)
    }
}

Thus, concurrency management in Go is built on simple and powerful primitives that allow writing safe and efficient parallel code.