Is SQL a language focused on describing results or executing commands, and how to determine its type?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language focused on describing the results rather than executing commands. It belongs to the family of declarative languages, where you specify what data you want to retrieve, not how to retrieve it.

For example, the query:

SELECT name, age FROM users WHERE age > 18;

describes what data is needed (names and ages of users over 18), but does not specify how the DBMS should execute this query.