What are the advantages of goroutines compared to threads?

Goroutines have several advantages:

• Lightweight: Goroutines consume much less memory (a few KB of stack by default compared to MBs for OS threads). This allows creating tens and hundreds of thousands of active goroutines.
• Go's multithreaded scheduler: The Go scheduler efficiently distributes goroutines across OS threads. A goroutine waiting for I/O operations does not block the execution of other goroutines on the same OS thread.
• Ease of creation: Goroutines are created using the go keyword, which is much simpler than working with OS thread APIs.
• Safety: Go supports concurrent execution at the language level, using channels for safe data exchange between goroutines instead of shared memory and synchronization primitives (although mutexes are also available).

Example of creating a goroutine:

// Simple function
func sayHello() {
	fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine!")
}

// Creating a goroutine

go sayHello()