What optimization methods would you apply to improve database performance?

To improve the efficiency of a database, the following optimization methods can be applied:

• Indexing: creating indexes on frequently queried fields to speed up searches.
• Query optimization: analyzing and rewriting SQL queries to reduce the number of operations and use more efficient constructs.
• Caching: using cache to store frequently requested data to reduce load on the database.
• Normalization/denormalization: balancing normalization to reduce redundancy and denormalization to speed up reading.
• Parallelism and sharding: distributing data and queries across multiple servers to enhance performance.
• Configuring database server parameters: adjusting memory settings, connection pools, transaction logs.
• Using prepared statements for recurring queries.

Example of indexing in PostgreSQL:

CREATE INDEX idx_user_email ON users(email);

In Go, when working with a database, it is advisable to use connection pools and prepared statements to improve efficiency.