Why can't teams deploy independently in a monolith? And why are three CI/CD pipelines a disadvantage for microservices, if anything?

In a monolithic application, teams cannot deploy independently because all the code is compiled into one large application that is deployed as a whole. Changes in one team can affect other parts, so deployment requires full integration and testing of the entire application. This reduces the speed and flexibility of releases.

Regarding microservices, having three CI/CD pipelines (for example, for build, testing, and deployment) is perceived as a disadvantage because:

• It increases the complexity of support and infrastructure setup.
• It requires more resources and time to maintain each pipeline.
• With a large number of microservices, this can lead to significant overhead.

Although microservices allow for independent deployment, managing multiple pipelines can become problematic, especially if processes are not automated or poorly optimized. Ideally, one should balance the benefits of independent deployment with the costs of maintaining infrastructure.