What object cloning methods do you know?

There are several ways to clone objects in JavaScript:

1. Shallow copy — copies only the top-level properties, nested objects remain references.

   • Using Object.assign():

     const clone = Object.assign({}, original);
     

   • Spread operator:

     const clone = {...original};
     

2. Deep copy — creates a full copy of the object with all nested objects.

   • Serialization and deserialization via JSON (works only with simple objects without functions, dates, etc.):

     const deepClone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(original));
     

   • Using specialized libraries, such as lodash:

     const _ = require('lodash');
     const deepClone = _.cloneDeep(original);
     

3. Implementing your own clone method — if the object contains methods or complex types, you can implement a clone() method inside the class.

The choice of method depends on the object structure and copying requirements. For simple objects, shallow copy is sufficient; for complex objects, deep copy is necessary.