What components does the Flutter framework consist of and how do they interact?

The Flutter framework consists of several key components that interact to create the UI and manage the application:

• Flutter Engine — a low-level engine written in C++ responsible for rendering, input handling, and access to platform APIs.
• Foundation Library — basic classes and utilities in Dart that provide working with collections, asynchronous operations, animations, etc.
• Widgets — the main building blocks of UI in Flutter. All interface elements are widgets that describe how the interface should look and behave.
• Rendering Layer — converts widgets into objects for rendering on the screen.
• Framework Layer — manages state, navigation, animations, and user interaction.

The interaction occurs as follows: the developer describes the UI using widgets in Dart, which pass through the framework and rendering layers, while the engine handles rendering and interaction with the platform. This allows creating high-performance cross-platform applications with a single codebase.