Did you deploy the cluster manually or using CI/CD tools?

In production environments, a Kubernetes cluster is usually deployed using CI/CD tools such as Jenkins, GitLab CI, ArgoCD, or Flux. This allows automating the process, ensuring repeatability and version control.

Manual deployment is possible during development or testing stages but is inefficient and prone to errors when scaling and updating.

A typical CI/CD pipeline for Kubernetes includes:

• Building and testing containers.
• Publishing images to a registry (Docker Hub, ECR, etc.).
• Applying Kubernetes manifests (yaml) via kubectl or Helm.
• Validation and monitoring of the deployment.

Example command in the pipeline for deployment:

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

Using Helm allows more flexible management of versions and configuration parameters.