What are the disadvantages of long transactions in terms of service, DBMS, and Kafka reading?

Long transactions negatively impact the system for several reasons:

• Service: Long transactions lock resources, which reduces throughput and increases response time. Users may experience delays or timeouts.

• DBMS: Transactions hold locks on data, leading to lock contention and deadlocks. This reduces concurrency and can increase database load.

• Reading from Kafka: If a transaction takes a long time to process messages from Kafka, the offset will not be committed, and messages will not be considered processed. This can lead to reprocessing or delays in consumption.

Ultimately, long transactions degrade performance, increase the risk of errors, and reduce system resilience.