What data types are available in Python? How does list differ from tuple?

Python has several basic data types:

• Numbers: int, float, complex
• Boolean type: bool
• Sequences: list, tuple, range
• Strings: str
• Sets: set, frozenset
• Dictionaries: dict
• Others: bytes, bytearray, NoneType

Differences between list and tuple:

• list is a mutable data type, elements can be added, removed, and changed.
• tuple is immutable, its contents cannot be changed after creation.

Due to immutability, tuples (tuple) are usually used to store fixed sets of data and can be faster and safer to use, for example, as dictionary keys (if they contain only hashable elements). Lists are convenient for dynamic collections where modification of contents is required.

Example:

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4)  # works

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
# my_tuple.append(4)  # will raise an AttributeError