How can detailed information about an error and its environment be obtained during program execution?

To obtain detailed information about an error and its environment during program execution, you can use the following approaches:

• Logging with levels: Use logging with levels (DEBUG, INFO, ERROR) to record the program's state, variable values, and traces.

• Exception handling with stack trace: In try-except blocks, output or save the call stack (stack trace) to understand exactly where the error occurred.

• Using debuggers: Debugging tools (e.g., pdb for Python) allow step-by-step execution of the program and viewing variable states.

• Gathering context: Record additional information — function parameters, environment state, configurations, execution time.

• Monitoring and tracing: In production environments, monitoring systems (e.g., Sentry, ELK stack) are used to automatically collect and analyze errors.

Example in Python for outputting detailed error information:

import traceback

try:
    # code that may cause an error
    result = 10 / 0
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
    print("Stack trace:")
    traceback.print_exc()

This will show the exact location and cause of the error.