How are processes configured and started inside a Docker container?

Configuration and launching of processes inside a Docker container are usually done through a Dockerfile and the container run command.

1. The Dockerfile specifies the base image and commands to install necessary dependencies and copy files.
2. The CMD or ENTRYPOINT command sets the process that will be started when the container starts.

Example Dockerfile for running a Java application:

FROM openjdk:11-jre-slim
COPY app.jar /app/app.jar
CMD ["java", "-jar", "/app/app.jar"]

Running the container:

docker build -t my-java-app .
docker run my-java-app

Thus, the process inside the container starts automatically when the container is launched according to the settings in the Dockerfile.