What are the main principles of object-oriented programming?

Main principles of OOP:

• Encapsulation: Combining data and methods operating on that data into a single object. This allows hiding implementation details and providing controlled access to the object. It simplifies maintenance and modification of code.
• Inheritance: The ability to create new classes (descendants) that inherit properties and methods from existing classes (parents). It promotes code reuse and the creation of class hierarchies.
• Polymorphism: The ability to use the same interface for objects of different classes. It allows processing objects of different types uniformly. Examples include method overloading (different signatures, same name) and method overriding (implementation in descendant classes).
• Abstraction: Highlighting essential characteristics of an object and ignoring non-essential ones. It enables working with objects at a higher level, hiding complexities. It is implemented through abstract classes and interfaces.

These principles contribute to creating more flexible, scalable, and maintainable code.