If a user only needs to execute a stored procedure and nothing else, what permissions should be granted to them?

If a user only needs to execute a stored procedure and nothing more, they should be granted the minimum necessary permissions for security and convenience:

• The EXECUTE privilege on the specific stored procedure.
• No rights to read or modify tables directly.

For example, in SQL Server, this can be done as follows:

GRANT EXECUTE ON dbo.ProcedureName TO UserName;

This allows the user to run the procedure but does not give access to other database objects. This approach aligns with the principle of least privilege and enhances system security.