Properties of transactions (ACID)

ACID is a set of properties of database transactions that ensure reliability and correctness of operations:

• Atomicity: a transaction is completed in full or not at all. If something goes wrong, all changes are rolled back.
• Consistency: a transaction transforms the database from one valid state to another, adhering to all rules and constraints.
• Isolation: concurrent transactions do not affect each other, as if they were executed sequentially.
• Durability: once a transaction is committed, its changes are saved in the database and are not lost even in case of failures.

These properties guarantee that data in the database remains consistent and correct despite failures, errors, or concurrent operations.