What are the main differences between monolithic and microservices architectures in software development?

Main differences between monolithic and microservices architectures:

• Monolithic architecture:

  • All components of the application are assembled into one large block.
  • Easier to develop and test in the initial stages.
  • Harder to scale and maintain as it grows.
  • Changing one part may require rebuilding and redeploying the entire application.

• Microservices architecture:

  • The application is divided into many small services, each responsible for its own business function.
  • Each service can be developed, tested, deployed, and scaled independently.
  • Increased complexity in organizing interaction between services (via API, messages).
  • Requires a well-thought-out infrastructure for orchestration, monitoring, and security.

Example: In a monolith, all functions of an online store (catalog, cart, payment) are in one application. In microservices — separate services for catalog, cart, and payment that interact with each other.