What synchronization tools are available in Go?

In Go, there are several core synchronization tools for managing concurrent access to resources:

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — a simple mutex for mutual exclusion, blocking access to a critical section.
• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — an extended mutex allowing multiple readers simultaneously but blocking writers.
• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — allows waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.
• Cond (sync.Cond) — a condition variable for notification and waiting for specific conditions.
• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — low-level atomic operations for safely modifying variables without locks.

Example of using Mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

These tools help safely work with concurrent processes and goroutines in Go.