What are the differences between the Activity and Fragment lifecycle stages in Android?

The lifecycle of Activity and Fragment in Android is similar but has its own features.

Activity is a standalone screen of the application, which has its own lifecycle with methods:

• onCreate() — creation
• onStart() — becomes visible
• onResume() — starts interacting with the user
• onPause() — partial loss of focus
• onStop() — becomes invisible
• onDestroy() — destruction

Fragment is a part of the UI inside an Activity, which has its own lifecycle closely related to the Activity's lifecycle, but with additional methods:

• onAttach() — fragment attaches to Activity
• onCreateView() — creating the fragment's UI
• onActivityCreated() — Activity is fully created
• onDetach() — detaching from Activity

Main differences:

• Fragment depends on Activity and cannot exist independently.
• Fragment has methods for creating and managing its UI (onCreateView), while Activity manages its own window.
• The lifecycle of Fragment is more complex due to nesting and interaction with Activity.

Example: when the screen is rotated, the Activity is recreated, and fragments are also recreated, but you can manage the saving of fragment states separately.