What capabilities does a subclass provide in object-oriented programming?

1. Inheritance of properties and methods: The subclass gains access to the public and protected members of the base class.
2. Overriding: Allows changing the implementation of base class methods.
3. Adding new properties and methods: The subclass can extend functionality by adding its own members.
4. Polymorphism: The ability to treat an object of the subclass as an object of the base class.

Example of method overriding:

class Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        // Emits a general sound
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    @Override
    void makeSound() {
        // Emits a dog's sound
    }
}