What is the difference in exception handling between Java and Kotlin?

In Java, exceptions are divided into checked and unchecked. Checked exceptions require mandatory handling (try-catch) or declaration in the method signature (throws). In Kotlin, there is no such division — all exceptions are considered unchecked, and the compiler does not force explicit handling or declaration.

This simplifies Kotlin code but requires developers to be attentive when working with potentially dangerous operations.

Example in Java:

public void readFile() throws IOException {
    // code that may throw IOException
}

In Kotlin:

fun readFile() {
    // IOException does not need to be declared
}