Can you explain the differences between the git reset commands with the --soft, --mixed, and --hard options?

The git reset command is used to move the branch pointer and change the state of the index and working directory. The differences between parameters:

• --soft — moves the branch pointer (HEAD) to the specified commit, leaving the index and working directory unchanged. Changes remain in the index as if prepared for commit.

• --mixed (default) — moves the branch pointer and resets the index to the specified commit, but does not change the working directory. Changes become unstaged.

• --hard — moves the branch pointer, resets the index and working directory to the specified commit. All uncommitted changes will be lost.

Example:

# Move HEAD to the previous commit, keep changes in index
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Move HEAD to the previous commit, reset index, keep changes in working directory
git reset --mixed HEAD~1

# Move HEAD to the previous commit, reset index and working directory
git reset --hard HEAD~1