What are the access levels for components in Kotlin and how are they used?

In Kotlin, the following access levels exist for components (classes, functions, properties, etc.):

• public — accessible everywhere. This is the default access level.
• internal — accessible within a single module (compilation unit).
• protected — accessible within the class and its subclasses.
• private — accessible only within the file (for top-level declarations) or within the class (for class members).

Example of usage:

class Example {
    private val secret = "private"
    protected val semiSecret = "protected"
    internal val moduleVisible = "internal"
    val publicInfo = "public" // public by default
}

• private restricts access to the member only within the class.
• protected allows subclasses to see the member.
• internal restricts access within a single module (e.g., one Gradle module).
• public allows the component to be used everywhere.

This helps control encapsulation and the scope of components in an application.