What alternative methods do you know for preventing race conditions besides using mutexes?

In addition to mutexes, to prevent race conditions in a multithreaded environment, you can use:

• Volatile variables — guarantee visibility of variable changes between threads, but do not ensure atomicity.
• Atomic classes (e.g., AtomicInteger, AtomicBoolean) — provide atomic operations without locks.
• Synchronized collections or data structures with internal synchronization.
• Immutable objects — immutable objects are safe for reading from multiple threads without synchronization.
• Using constructs from java.util.concurrent, such as ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList.
• Using read/write locks (ReadWriteLock), which allow more flexible access management.
• Using thread-safe queues (BlockingQueue) for data transfer between threads.

These methods help avoid locks or minimize their use, increasing performance and preventing race conditions.