Is it possible to separate the execution of different parts of an application by running them in separate processes?

Yes, in Android it is possible to run different application components in separate processes. To do this, the component (for example, Activity, Service) in the manifest specifies the attribute android:process with the process name.

Example in AndroidManifest.xml:

<service android:name=".MyService" android:process=":remote" />

Here, the service will be started in a separate process with a name starting with the package name and adding ":remote".